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Frederik Willem de Klerk ((:ˈfriə̯dərək ˈvələm dəˈklɛrk); born 18 March 1936) is a South African politician who served as the country's State President from September 1989 to May 1994. He was the seventh and last head of state of South Africa under the apartheid era. De Klerk was also leader of the National Party (which later became the New National Party) from February 1989 to September 1997. De Klerk brokered the end of apartheid, South Africa's policies of racial segregation and discrimination, and supported the transformation of South Africa into a non-racial democracy by entering into the negotiations that resulted in all citizens having equal voting and other rights. He won the Félix Houphouët-Boigny Peace Prize in 1991, the Prince of Asturias Award in 1992 and the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993 along with Nelson Mandela for his role in the ending of apartheid. He was one of the deputy presidents of South Africa during the presidency of Nelson Mandela until 1996, and is currently the most recent white South African and Afrikaner to have held the position. In 1997 he retired from active politics. He continues to remain active as a lecturer internationally.〔(Changing the Course of History ) Description of a March 2011 lecture in Walnut Creek, California〕 After the deaths of P.W. Botha in 2006 and Marais Viljoen in 2007, de Klerk is the last surviving State President of South Africa. ==Background and early career== The name "de Klerk" is derived from Le Clerc, Le Clercq, and de Clercq and is of French Huguenot origin (meaning "clergyman" or "literate" in old French). De Klerk noted that he is also of Dutch descent, with an Indian ancestor from the late 1600s or early 1700s.〔(FW de Klerk Reveals Colourful Ancestry )〕 He is also said to be descended from the Khoi interpreter known as Krotoa or Eva. De Klerk was born in Johannesburg, in the then Transvaal Province of the Union of South Africa, to Johannes "Jan" de Klerk and Hendrina Cornelia Coetzer – "her forefather was a Kutzer who stems from Austria".〔(Johannes (Jan) de Klerk | South African History Online )〕〔A. Kamsteeg, E. Van Dijk, F.W. de Klerk, man of the moment. 1990〕 He came from a family environment in which the conservatism of traditional white South African politics was deeply ingrained. His paternal great-grandfather was Senator Johannes Cornelis "Jan" van Rooy.〔J. Ball, F.W. de Klerk: the man in his time. 1991〕 His aunt was married to NP Prime Minister J. G. Strijdom. In 1948, the year when the NP swept to power in whites-only elections on an apartheid platform, F. W. de Klerk's father, Johannes "Jan" de Klerk, became secretary of the NP in the Transvaal province and later rose to the positions of cabinet minister and President of the Senate, becoming interim State President in 1975.〔Johnson, Anthony. "Frederik Willem de Klerk: a conservative revolutionary." UNESCO Courier (November 1995): 22(2). Expanded Academic ASAP. Thomson Gale. Brandeis University. 12 March 2007. Thomson Gale Document Number:A17963676〕 His brother Willem is a liberal newspaperman and one of the founders of the Democratic Party. De Klerk graduated from Monument High School in Krugersdorp. De Klerk graduated in 1958 from the Potchefstroom University with BA and LL.B degrees (the latter ''cum laude''). Following graduation, de Klerk practised law in Vereeniging in the Transvaal. In 1959 he married Marike Willemse, with whom he had two sons and a daughter.〔Abrams, Irwin, Nobelstiftelsen. ''Peace 1991–1995'', 1999. Page 71.〕 "F.W.", pronounced "eff-veer", as he became popularly known, was first elected to the House of Assembly in 1969 as the member for Vereeniging, and entered the cabinet in 1978. De Klerk had been offered a professorship of administrative law at Potchefstroom in 1972 but he declined the post because he was serving in Parliament. In 1978, he was appointed Minister of Posts and Telecommunications and Social Welfare and Pensions by Prime Minister Vorster. Under Prime Minister and later State President P. W. Botha, he held a succession of ministerial posts, including Posts and Telecommunications and Sports and Recreation (1978–1979), Mines, Energy and Environmental Planning (1979–1980), Mineral and Energy Affairs (1980–1982), Internal Affairs (1982–1985), and National Education and Planning (1984–1989). He became Transvaal provincial National Party leader in 1982. In 1985, he became chairman of the Minister's Council in the House of Assembly. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「F. W. de Klerk」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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